Colormap Utilization Policy and Extension Version 1.0 X Project Team Standard X Version 11, Release 6.4 Kaleb S. KEITHLEY The Open Group Copyright (C) 1986-1997 The Open Group All Rights Reserved Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documenta- tion files (the Software), to use the Software without restriction, including, without limitation, the rights to copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and sublicense the Software, to make, have made, license and distribute deriva- tive works thereof, and to permit persons to whom the Soft- ware is furnished to do so, subject to the following condi- tions: The above copyright notice and the following permission notice shall be included in all copies of the Software: THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON- INFRINGEMENT. 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Overview This extension has three purposes: a) to provide mechanism for a special application (a colormap manager) to discover any special colormap requirements, e.g. the colormap entries that are nominally reserved for desktop colors in the MS- Windows environment and initialize the default colormap so that it can be more easily shared; and b) to encourage col- ormap sharing and reduce colormap flashing on low-end 8-bit frame buffers by providing a policy for sharing; and c) when colormaps aren't shared, define a behavior in the X server color allocation scheme to reduce colormap flashing. To encourage colormap sharing and accomodate special col- ormap requirements two new protocols are defined: the first provides a way to query the server for a list of reserved colormap entries, and the second is a way to initialize read-only (shareable) colormap entries at specific locations in a colormap. To minimize colormap flashing when the root window's default visual is one of GrayScale, PseudoColor, or DirectColor, and a private colormap for the default visual is being used, a minor (but compatible) change to the server implementation of the AllocColor and AllocNamedColor requests is required. Where the core protocol says nothing about the pixel values returned, when this extension is in effect, the AllocColor and AllocNamedColor requests will first look for a matching color in the default colormap, and, if a match is found and the same cell in the private colormap has not already been allocated, the color will be allocated in the private col- ormap at the same locaton as in the default colormap (instead of in the first available location.) 2. Requests __ | QueryVersion client_major_version: CARD16 client_minor_version: CARD16 => server_major_version: CARD16 server_minor_version: CARD16 |__ If supplied, the client_major_version and client_minor_ver- sion indicate what version of the protocol the client wants the server to implement. The server version numbers returned indicate the protocol this extension actually sup- ports. This might not equal the version sent by the client. An implementation can (but need not) support more than one 1 X11 Colormap Utilization Policy and Extension version simultaneously. The server_major_version and the server_minor_version are a mechanism to support future revi- sions of the TOG-CUP protocol that may be necessary. In gen- eral, the major version would increment for incompatible changes, and the minor version would increment for small upward-compatible changes. Servers that support the protocol defined in this document will return a server_major_version of one (1), and a server_minor_version of zero (0). __ | GetReservedColormapEntries screen: CARD32 => entries: LISTofCOLORITEM |__ This request returns a list of colormap entries (pixels) that are reserved by the system, e.g. MS-Windows reserved desktop colors. This list will, at a minimum, contain entries for the BlackPixel and WhitePixel of the specified screen. The do-red, do-green, and do-blue elements of the COLORITEMs are unused in this reply. Rationale: There are colormap entries (pixels) that, e.g., MS-Windows desktop reserves as desktop colors, that should not be altered. If they are altered then X programs will cause colormap flashing between X and MS-Windows applica- tions running/displaying on the same desktop. __ | StoreColors cmap: COLORMAP items: LISTofCOLORITEM => items: LISTofCOLORITEM |__ This request changes the colormap entries of the specified pixels. The colormap entries are allocated as if by an AllocColor request. The do-red, do-green, and do-blue ele- ments of the COLORITEMs are unused in this request. A boolean alloc-ok element (a bit) is returned indicating whether the particular pixel was successfully allocated or not. If successfully allocated the RGB and pixel are returned. A Value error is generated if a pixel is not a valid index into cmap. A BadMatch error is generated if if cmap does not 2 X11 Colormap Utilization Policy and Extension belong to a GrayScale, PseudoColor, or DirectColor visual. 3. Events and Errors No new events or errors are defined by this extension. 4. Changes to existing protocol. None. 5. Encoding The name of this extension is "TOG-CUP". The conventions used here are the same as those for the core X11 Protocol Encoding. QueryVersion 1 CARD8 opcode 1 0 TOG-CUP opcode 2 2 request length 2 CARD16 client_major_version 2 CARD16 client_minor_version => 1 1 reply 1 unused 2 CARD16 sequence number 4 0 length 2 CARD16 server_major_version 2 CARD16 server_minor_number 20 unused GetReservedColormapEntries 1 CARD8 opcode 1 1 TOG-CUP opcode 2 2 request length 4 CARD32 screen => 1 1 reply 1 unused 2 CARD16 sequence number 4 3n length 24 unused 12n LISTofCOLORITEMitems 3 X11 Colormap Utilization Policy and Extension StoreColors 1 CARD8 opcode 1 2 TOG-CUP opcode 2 2+3n request length 4 COLORMAP cmap 12n LISTofCOLORITEMitems => 1 1 reply 1 unused 2 CARD16 sequence number 4 3n length 24 unused 12n LISTofCOLORITEM items (The definition of COLORITEM here is only for the purpose of defining the additional alloc-ok member in the CUPStoreCol- ors reply.) COLORITEM 4 CARD32 pixel 2 CARD16 red 2 CARD16 green 2 CARD16 blue 1 alloc-ok #x07 unused #x08 alloc-ok (1 is True, 0 is False) #xF0 unused 1 unused 6. C Language Binding The C functions provide direct access to the protocol and add no additional semantics. For complete details on the effects of these functions, refer to the appropriate proto- col request, which can be derived by deleting XCup at the start of the function. All functions that have return type Status will return nonzero for success and zero for failure. The include file for this extension is . 4 X11 Colormap Utilization Policy and Extension __ | StatusXCupQueryVersion( Display* display, int* major_version_return, int* minor_version_return) |__ display Specifies the connection to the X server. major_version_return Returns the major version supported by the server. minor_version_return Returns the minor version supported by the server. XCupQueryVersions sets major_version_return and minor_ver- sion_return to the major and minor TOG-CUP protocol version supported by the server. If the TOG-CUP library is compati- ble with the version returned by the server, it returns nonzero. If dpy does not support the TOG-CUP extension, or if there was an error during communication with the server, or if the server and library protocol versions are incompat- ible, it returns zero. No other XCup functions may be called before this function. If a client violates this rule, the effects of all subsequent XCup calls that it makes are undefined. To get the list of reserved colormap entries, use XCupGetRe- servedColormapEntries. __ | StatusXCupGetReservedColormapEntries( Display* display, int screen, XColor** colors_out, int* ncolors) |__ display Specifies the connection to the X server. colors_out Returns the values reserved by the server. ncolors Returns the number of items in colors_out. The XCupGetReservedColormapEntries function gets system spe- cific colormap entries. E.g. the MS-Windows desktop uses N colormap entries at the beginning (0..N) and end (256-N..255) of the colormap. Use XFree to free colors_out. 5 X11 Colormap Utilization Policy and Extension To allocate one or more read-only color cells with RGB val- ues, use XCupStoreColors. __ | StatusXCupStoreColors( Display* display, Colormap colormap, XColor* colors_in_out, int ncolors) |__ display Specifies the connection to the X server. colormap Specifies the colormap. colors_in_out Specifies and returns the values actually used in the colormap. ncolors Specifies the number of items in colors_in_out. The XCupStoreColors function changes the colormap entries of the pixel values specified in the pixel members of the XColor structures. The colormap entries are allocated as if an AllocColor had been used instead, i.e. the colors are read-only (shareable). XCupStoreColors returns the number of colors that were successfully allocated in the colormap. 7. Using the TOG-CUP extension and Colormap Utilization Policy The X server preallocates any hardware or desktop special colors in the default colormap; e.g. UNIX X servers preallo- cate Black and White pixels. PC X servers should also pre- allocate the MS-Windows desktop colors. (Note to implemen- tors: in the Sample Implementation special colors are allo- cated in the default colormap in cfbCreateDefColormap for dumb memory framebuffers.) To minimize colormap flash an application which installs its own private colormap should query the special colors by calling XCupGetReservedColormapEntries, and can then store those entries (in the proper location) in its private col- ormap using XCupStoreColors. Applications which allocate many colors in a screen's default colormap, e.g. a color-cube or a gray-ramp, should allocate them with XCupStoreColors. By using XCupStoreColors the colors will be allocated sharable (read-only) and any other application which allocates the same color will share 6 X11 Colormap Utilization Policy and Extension that color cell. 7