Trigonometric and other basic functions
The following table lists the trigonometric functions.
function | description | function | description |
SIN(x) |
Sine (radians) | SINH(x) |
Hyperbolic Sine |
SIND(x) |
Sine (degrees) | ||
COS(x) |
Cosine (radians) | COSH(x) |
Hyperbolic Cosine |
COSD(x) |
Cosine (degrees) | ||
TAN(x) |
Tangent (radians) | TANH(x) |
Hyperbolic Tangent |
TAND(x) |
Tangent (degrees) | ||
COT(x) |
Cotangent (radians) | COTH(x) |
Hyperbolic Cotangent |
SEC(x) |
Secant (radians) | SECH(x) |
Hyperbolic Secant |
CSC(x) |
Cosecant (radians) | CSCH(x) |
Hyperbolic Cosecant |
ASIN(x) |
Arc Sine (radians) | ASINH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Sine |
ASIND(x) |
Arc Sine (degrees) | ||
ACOS(x) |
Arc Cosine (radians) | ACOSH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Cosine |
ACOSD(x) |
Arc Cosine (degrees) | ||
ATAN(x) |
Arc Tangent (radians) | ATANH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Tangent |
ATAND(x) |
Arc Tangent (degrees) | ||
ATAN2(y,x) |
Arc Tangent of y / x (radians) | ||
ATAN2D(y,x) |
Arc Tangent of y / x (degrees) | ||
ACOT(x) |
Arc Cotangent (radians) | ACOTH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Cotangent |
ASEC(x) |
Arc Secant (radians) | ASECH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Secant |
ACSC(x) |
Arc Cosecant (radians) | ACSCH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Cosecant |
The next table lists other basic numeric functions that are intrinsic to the program.
function | description |
ABS(x) |
absolute value |x| |
EXP(x) |
exponential ex |
FACTORIAL(x) |
factorial x! |
INT(x) |
integer portion of x |
NINT(x) |
nearest integer ( x + 0.5*SIGN(1,x) ) |
LOG(x) |
base e logarithm |
LN(x) |
base e logarithm |
LOG10(x) |
base 10 logarithm |
RAN(x) |
random number |
SQRT(x) |
square root |
ELTIME(x) |
elapsed time in seconds |
PDIFF(x,y) |
positive difference function |
MOD(x,y) |
modulus function |
SIGN(x,y) |
transfer of sign |
All of these functions expect numeric arguments, and operate on an element by element
basis. The trigonometric and other basic functions will always
have a resultant type which will be the same as the type of its argument,
that is, a scalar argument results in a scalar, a vector argument results
in a vector with the same length as the argument, a matrix (tensor) argument
results in a matrix (tensor) with the same size and shape as the argument.
Some of these element by element functions, such as
RAN
, ATAN2
,
or MIN
do require some explanation, but the definitions of most are
assumed to be obvious to the reader.