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4. ³]©w XFree86

4.1 ¤@¯ë³]©w

¥H«e,­n³]©w¦n XFree86 ¥H«K¯à¨Ï¥Î§Aªº·Æ¹«, Áä½L, Åã¥Ü¾¹, ©MÅã¥Ü¥d, ¬O¨¯­Wªº®t¨Æ, »Ý­n¤j¶qªº¿Ë¦Û°Ê¤â¥h³]©w©MÀ|¸Õ½Õ¾ã[hand-hacking] ¤@­Ó«Ü½ÆÂøªº³]©wÀÉ®×, ¨º¥i»¡¬O¤@ºØ¤£¥i¨¥¶ÇªºÃÀ³N. ²{¦b¤£¦A»Ý­n¤F; ¦b3.2/3.3ª©«á,¨Ï³o­Ó¹Lµ{´X¥G¨S¤°·N¸q¤F. §A©Ò­n°µªº¬O¶}±Ò XF86Setup µ{¦¡.

³oµ{¦¡¤D¨Ì¿à²{¤µ©Ò¦³·s¥X³f¦Ó¥B·f°t¨ã EGA/VGA ¯à¤O¤§Åã¥Ü¾¹ªºPCµwÅ鱡ªp¦Ó©w. ¥¦±Ä¥Î VGA16 server ¦Ó¥B§Q¥Î¥¦¥H³Ì§C¶¥¦@³q©Ê 640x480 ¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¶}±Ò X. µM«á¥¦°õ¦æ¤¬°Ê¦¡µ{¦¡,¥¦±a§A¸g¹L³sÄò¤­­Ó³]©w­±ªO -- mouse, keyboard, (video) card, monitor, ©M `other' (¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº server ¿ï¶µ). ¥þ³¡¹Lµ{¬Û·í²³æ.

(¦pªG§A¬O¥Î Red Hat Linux, §A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥t¤@­Ó¥s§@ xf86config µ{¦¡. ¥¦ªº§@¥Î«D±`¹³¬O XF86Setup ,¦ý¬O¨ä¥»¨­¤£¬O¨Ï¥Î X ¤¶­±»P VGA16 server.)

¦³¤@¤pÂI­n°O¦íªº¬O,¦pªG§A¹³¤j¦h¼Æ¤H¨Ï¥Î¥Ø«eªºPC, §AªºÁä½L¹ê»Ú¤W¬O XF86Setup ©Ò©I¥sªº `Generic 102-key PC (intl)' ¦Ó¤£¬O¹w©wªº `Generic 101-key PC'. ¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¹w©wªº(101), ¦b§AÁä½L[keyboard]ªº·¥¥kÃä(¼Æ¦r¤Î¨ä¬ÛÃö [numeric keypad and friends])¤Wªº«öÁä¸s[key cluster]¥i¯à·|¨S¦³§@¥Î.

¦pªG§A¤£½T©w§AÅã¥Ü¾¹ªº«¬¦¡[monitor type],§A¥i¥H³sÄò¸Õ¸Õ¥¦©Ò¦C¥Xªº«¬¦¡. ´N¨Ì§Aªº²ßºD¥Ñ¤W©¹¤U¸Õ(¸û¤W­±ªº¿ï¶µ©Ò¥]§tªº¬O¸û§C dot-clock ³t«×, ¦Ó¥B¹ïµwÅé­n¨D¤]¤ñ¸û§C). ¦pªGµo¥Í¤F²V¶Ã©ÎÄY­«¦a§á¦±ÅܧÎ[distorted]ªº¹Ï§Î®É, ½Ð©¹¦^¸Õ[Back off]. ¤p³¡¤Àªº§á¦±ÅܧΠ(¹Ï§Îµy¤Ó¤j,µy¤Ó¤p,©Îµy°¾Â÷¤¤¤ß) ¤£¬O¤°»ò¤j°ÝÃD; §A¬O¥i¥H°¨¤WÂǥѷL½Õ[fine-tuning]¦¹ mode ¨Ó­×¥¿.

¦AªÌ, ·íµ{¦¡¥´¶} xvidtune ¤¹³\§A¥h½Õ¾ã[tweak]§AªºÅã¥Ü¼Ò¦¡[video mode], §OÅýªì©lªºÄµ§iµøµ¡,¨Ï§A·P¨ìºò±i. ²{¦b¦hÀWÅã¥Ü¾¹[multisync monitors] (¤£¹³¥L­Ì¥H«e¬O¥Î©wÀWªº) ¤£·|¦]¬°¥Î³o¤è¦¡¦Ó´N»´©ö·lÃa.

XF86Config ¥i¥H°²³]§Aªº·Æ¹«¸Ë¸m¬O¦b /dev/mouse. ¦pªG§Aµo²{³o¨S§@¥Î®É,§A¥i¯à»Ý­n³sµ² /dev/mouse ¨ì·Æ¹«¹ê»Ú©Ò¦b /dev/ca[01] ¨º. ¦pªG§Aµo²{·í


gpm

¥¿¦b°õ¦æ,¦Ó XFree86 µ¹§A¤@­Ó "mouse busy" ªº¿ù»~°T®§®É, ¨º§A«h»Ý­n³sµ²¨ì /dev/ttyS[01] ¨Ó¨ú¥N.

³]©wªº¹Lµ{¾Þ§@¦³¿ï©w²Å¦X§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d¤@¯ë«¬ºAªº server (¹³¬O XF86_VGA16, XF86_Mach64, or XF86_S3) ¥H¤Î³]©w XF86Config ÀÉ®×, ¦Ó server ¶}©l±Ò°Ê®É·|Ū¨ú¸ÓÀɤ¤ªº§A¦w¸Ë®É¤w«ü©wªº¯S®í°Ñ¼Æ. XF86Config ªº©Ò¦b¦ì¸m·|ÀH®É§Aªº OS ¤£¦P¦ÓÅÜ, ¦ý¦³­Ó¦a¤è¥i§ä§ä¬Ý¬O¦b /etc/X11.

¦b¸û¦­ªº XFree86 ª©¥», XF86Setup ·|ª½±µ±N `X' «ü¥O³s±µ©Ò¿ï¾Üªº server. ¦b³Ìªñªºª©¥», ¨ú¦Ó¥N¤§ªº¬O±N `X' ³s±µ¨ì¥s Xwrapper ªº set-user-id wrapper µ{¦¡. ³o·Qªk¬O©Ò¦³ªº setuid root stuff ³£¸¨¦b Xwrapper ¤§¤¤, ©Ò¥H server ´N¤£¥²¦b¥Î setuid root.

4.2 ¸Ñ¨M§xÃø

·í§A­è¶}©l¶}±Ò X server, ¦³¨Ç¶µ¥Ø°¸º¸·|¨S¦³³]©w«Ü¥¿½T. ³oÁ`¬O´X¥G·|¥Ñ§Aªº³]©wÀɮפ¤ªº¤@¨Ç°ÝÃD©Ò¤Þ°_ªº. ³q±`¦b¬OÅã¥Ü¾¹ªº timing values ¤£¥¿½T, ©ÎÅã¥Ü¥dªº dot clocks ³]©w¤£¥¿½T. ¤Ö¼Æ°ÝÃD¥i¥HÂÇ¥Ñ xvidtune ¨Ó¸Ñ¨M; ·í¿Ã¹õ¤W¹ê¦b¬O²V¶Ã¤£²M·¡®É,³q±`¬Oªí¥Ü §A»Ý­n¦^¨ì XF86Setup ¦Ó¿ï¾Ü¥\¯à¤ñ¸û§CªºÅã¥Ü¾¹«¬¦¡[monitor type].

¦pªG§AªºÅã¥Ü¦n¹³±²¦±[roll], ©ÎÃäÃä¼Ò½k¤£²M[fuzzy], ³o«Ü²M·¡¦aªí¥ÜÅã¥Ü¾¹ªº timing values ©Î dot clocks ¬O¿ùªº. ¦AªÌ, ­n½T©w§A¬O¥¿½T¦a«ü¥X§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d´¹¤ù²Õ, ¦b XF86Config ¤¤ªº Device ¬q¸¨¤§¨ä¥¦¶µ¥Ø¤]¬O¦p¦¹. µ´¹ï­n½T©w§A¬O¨Ï¥Î¥¿½Tªº X server ,¦Ó¥B /usr/X11R6/bin/X ¦³²Å¸¹³sµ² [symbolic link]¨ì³o­Ó server.

¦pªGµo¥Í¨ä¥¦©Ò¦³¥¢±Ñªº±¡ªp, ¸Õ¸Õ ''¨ª»r¦a[bare]'' ¶}±Ò X; ¤]´N¬O, ¨Ï¥Î¹³³o¼Ëªº«ü¥O:

X > /tmp/x.out 2>&1 
µM«á§A¥i¥H¬å¥h X server (¨Ï¥Î ctrl-alt-backspace Á䪺²Õ¦X) ¦Ó¥BÀˬd /tmp/x.out ªº¤º®e. X server ·|³ø§i¥ô¦óĵ§i¤Î¿ù»~---Á|¨Ò, ¦pªG§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d¨S¦³¤@­Ó dot clock ¥i¬Û²Å¦X§AÅã¥Ü¾¹©Ò¤ä´©ªº¼Ò¦¡.

°O¦í§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î ctrl-alt-numeric + ©M ctrl-alt-numeric - ¨Ó¤Á´«¦b XF86Config ¤¤ªº Screen ¬q¸¨ªº Modes ¦æ ©Ò¦C¥XªºÅã¥Ü¼Ò¦¡. ­Y³Ì°ª¸ÑªR«×¼Ò¦¡¤£¯à¬Ý°_¨Ó«Ü¾A·í,¸Õ¸Õ¤Á¨ì¸û§Cªº¸ÑªR«×. ³o¦Ü¤Ö·|Åý§Aª¾¹D§Aªº X ³]©w³o³¡¤À¬O¥¿½Tªº¹B§@.

¦AªÌ, Àˬd¤@¤U§AÅã¥Ü¾¹¤Wªº««ª½»P¤ô¥­¤§¤j¤p/¹ï·Ç±Û¯Ã. ¦b«Ü¦h±¡ªp¤U,·í X ­è¶}±Ò®É, ³o¨Ç¬O»Ý­n½Õ¾ãªº. Á|­Ó¨Ò¤l, ¦pªGÅã¥Ü¾¹¦n¹³¦³ÂI°¾¤@Ãä®É, ³q±`§A¯à°÷¨Ï¥ÎÅã¥Ü¾¹ªº±±¨î¨Ó­×¥¿³o­Ó.

USENET ªº newsgroup comp.windows.x.i386unix ¥D­n¬O¦b°Q½×¦³Ãö XFree86, comp.os.linux.x ¤]¬O. ¬Ý¤@¤U newsgroup ¨º¨Ç»P§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d¦³Ãöªº¤å³¹¤]³\¬O­Ó¦n¥D·N---§A¤]³\­è¦n¬Ý¨ì¬Y¨Ç¤H¸ò§A¦³¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD.

4.3 ¦Û©w³]©w

¦pªG§AªºÅã¥Ü¾¹¯à¤ä´© 1600x1200 -- ¦Ó¥Î XF86Setup ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¤§³Ì°ª©Ò¯à°÷¤ä´©ªº¸ÑªR«×¬O 1280x1024, ¨º»ò§A·|»Ý­n¿Ë¦Û°Ê¤â¥h¹Á¸Õ½Õ¾ã§Aªº X ¤§³]©w,¥H«K¨ú±o³Ì¨Î¤Æªºªí²{.

¦pªG°ò©ó³o­Ó²z¥Ñ©Î¨ä¥¦²z¥Ñ, ¦Ó§A·Q­n¿Ë¦Û°Ê¤â¥h¹Á¸Õ½Õ¾ã§AªºÅã¥Ü³]©w, ¥h¬Ý¤@¤U LDP ªº XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO, http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.html. (³o´N¬O XFree86 ªº `Videomodes.doc' Àɮפ§³Ì·sªº HTML ª©¥».)

4.4 ¨Ï¥Î 16-¦ì¤¸ ªºÃC¦â

®Ú¾Ú¤º©wªº, X ¨Ï¥Î 8-¦ì¤¸ ¦â²`[color depth]¦Ó¦³256¦â. ¬°Á׶}³oºØ­­¨î, «Ü¦hÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡°t¸m¥L­Ì¦Û¤vªº¦â±m¹ïÀ³¹Ï[colormap],¾É­PÀþ¶¡ÃC¦âÂà´«, ·í´å¼Ð¦b¨â­Ó¦U¾Ö¦³¦Û¤vªº¦â±m¹ïÀ³¹Ï¤§µøµ¡²¾°Ê®É. Arena WWW ÂsÄý¾¹´N¬O³o¼Ë¤l.

¦pªG§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î¥ý¶iªº¹Ï§Î¤ÆªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡,256¦â¤]³\¤£¨¬°÷. §A¥i¯à»Ý­n¦³ 16-¦ì¤¸ ¦â²` (65,536 ÃC¦â). ¦ý­nª`·Nªº¬O, ¤£¬O©Ò¦³À³¥Îµ{¦¡³£­n¤u§@¦b 16-¦ì¤¸ ÃC¦â¤Uªº.

§A¯à²³æ¦a¨Ï¥Î 16-¦ì¤¸ ªº¦â²`¦Ó¦³ 65K ªº¤£¦P¦â, ÂǥѶ}±Ò X ®É,¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O


    startx -- -bpp 16

©ÎªÌ±N¤U¦C³o¦æ


    exec X :0 -bpp 16

Â\¶i§Aªº .xserverrc Àɮפº. µM¦Ó,¬°¤F¨Ï³o¨Ï¯à¥¿±`¤u§@, §A»Ý­n¦³


screen

¬q¸¨¦b§Aªº XF86Config Àɮפ¤:


    DefaultColorDepth 16

¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î xdm,§A¥i¯à»Ý­n§ïÅÜ Xservers ÀÉ®×, ¨ä¤j·§¦ì¸m¬O¦b /etc/X11/xdm/. ¨å«¬ªº³]©wÀÉ´N¥u¦³¤@¦æ, ¬Ý°_¨Ó´N¹³³o¼Ë


      :0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X

¥[¤W


-bpp 16

¨ì³o startup ¿ï¶µ:


      :0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X -bpp 16

¦AªÌ,§A·|»Ý­n§â¦â²` 16 (bits)ªºÅã¥Ü¥[¤J§Aªº X ³]©wÀɪº `screen' ¬q¸¨³¡¤À. ¤@¯ë§A¥i¥Hª½±µ½Æ»s 8-bitÅã¥Ü³¡¤À,¦Ó§ïÅܦâ²`¤j¤p.

¸û¦hÃC¦â­n§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d¦b¬Û¦Pªº®É¶¡¤º¯àÂà´«¦¨§ó¦h¸ê®Æ. ¦pªG§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d¤£¯àÀ³¥I, ¨º»ò´N¬O¸ÑªR«×[resolution]©Î¬O§ó·s²v[refresh rate]¥²¶·­n­°§C. XFree ¤º©wªº¬O­°§C¸ÑªR«×. ¦pªG§A­n«O«ù¸ÑªR«×¦Ó­°§C§ó·s²v, §A¥²¶··s¥[¤J¤@¦æ¾A·íªº Modeline ¨ì§Aªº XF86Config Àɮפ¤, ¨ä©w¸q¨ã¦³³Ì§C§ó·s²v¤Uªº¸ÑªR«×.Á|­Ó¨Ò¤l, ¨ú¥N­È

Modeline "1024x768"  75  1024 1048 1184 1328 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync
´«¦¨
Modeline "1024x768"  65  1024 1032 1176 1344 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync.
³oùتºÅ]³N¼Æ¦r 75 ©M 65 ¬O¦U­Ó®É¯ß²v[clock rates], ¨º¨Ç¬O§A§ä¨ì X °O¿ý¦b§Aªº .X.err ÀÉ®×ùتº. ¬d¸ß¤@¤U¦b XF86 ¤å¥óªº monitors ÀÉ®×,¦³Ãö¦b 16 ¦ì¤¸¦â²`¤U ³Ì¾A¦X§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d¯à°÷¶Ç°e³Ì¤j®É¯ß²vªº Modelines.


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