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2. ³]©w§Aªº Linux ¨t²Î¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ

¦pªG§A¦¨¥\³]©w§AªºµwÅé©M§A Linux ¨t²Îªº¨ä¾l³¡¥÷¡A ©R¥O cdrecord - scanbus ·|µ¹§A¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó¥i¼g¤J¸Ë¸mªº¦Cªí¡C ³o­Ó ³¹¸`ªº¥Øªº¬O­n¦b³]©w§Aªº Linux ¨t²Î®É¾É¤Þ§A¡A¦]¦¹³Ì«á§A·|¬Ý¨ì ¦p¤Uªº°T®§¡G

shell> cdrecord -scanbus
Cdrecord release 1.7a1 Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Jörg Schilling
scsibus0:
          0) 'Quantum ' 'XP34300         ' 'F76D' Disk
          1) 'SEAGATE ' 'ST11200N        ' '8334' Disk
          2) *
          3) 'TOSHIBA ' 'MK537FB/        ' '6258' Disk
          4) 'WANGTEK ' '5150ES SCSI-36  ' 'ESB6' Removable Tape
          5) 'EXABYTE ' 'EXB-8500-85QUE  ' '0428' Removable Tape
          6) 'TOSHIBA ' 'XM-3401TASUNSLCD' '3593' Removable CD-ROM
          7) *
scsibus1:
        100) 'Quantum ' 'XP31070W        ' 'L912' Disk
        101) *
        102) *
        103) 'TEAC    ' 'CD-R55S         ' '1.0H' Removable CD-ROM
        104) 'MATSHITA' 'CD-R   CW-7502  ' '4.02' Removable CD-ROM
        105) *
        106) 'YAMAHA  ' 'CDR400t         ' '1.0d' Removable CD-ROM
        107) *
Listing 1: Detecting devices on your SCSI-bus

³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¬O¥Ñ Jörg Schilling ÔV¨Ñªº¡A§A²{¦b·|¬Ý¨ì¤@¦@¦³¥|­Ó¥i¿N ¿ý¾¹¡CÁöµM§A²{¦b¬O¤£¯à¤À§O¨º¤@­Ó¥úºÐ¾÷¬O§_¬°¤@­Ó¥i¼g¤J¥úºÐ ¾÷¡A¤£¹L§A¥i¥H¦b²£«~ªºÃѧO¸¹¤¤¬Ý¥X¥¦¬O¤@­Ó°ßŪ¡B¥i¼g©Î¬O¥i ­«¼g¥úºÐ¾÷¡C

2.1 ³]©w Linux ®Ö¤ß

¤@­Ó Linux ®Ö¤ß¥i¥H¥]§t«Ü¦hÅX°Êµ{¦¡©M¥\¯à¡C§A¥i¥H±N¨º¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡ ½sĶ¶i®Ö¤ß¼v¹³¤¤©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H±N¥¦­Ì½sĶ¦¨¼Ò²Õ¡AµM«á«Ý¦³»Ý­nªº®É­Ô ¤~±N¥¦­Ì¸ü¤J®Ö¤ß¤¤¡C¦Ó«Øijªº¤èªk¬O±N¥²¤£¥i¤ÖªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡½sĶ¶i®Ö ¤ß¡CÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG§A¦³¤@­Ó IDE ªº Harddisk¡A¨º§A¤@©w±NIDE Harddisk ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡½sĶ¶i®Ö¤ß¤¤ ( ¤£­n½sĶ¦¨¼Ò²Õ )¡C

²{¦s¦³¤TÃþªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¡GSCSI¡AIDE/ATAPI ©M¥~¸m¥­¦æ°ð¡Cªí®æ¥|®i¥Ü¥X «ç¼Ë³]©w Linux ªº®Ö¤ß¨Ó¤ä´©³o´XºØ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¡Cªí®æªº²Ä¤@¦C¬O³]©w¿ï³æ ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³o¼Ë§ä¨ì¦³Ãöªº³]©w¡Cªí®æªº²Ä¤G¦C¬O¥\¯à»¡©ú¡Cªí®æªº²Ä¤T¦C¬O ¼Ò²Õ¦WºÙ¡C

Y ¥Nªí¬O©M·N¨ýµÛ§AÀ³¸Ó§â³o­Ó©ÇÃ~©ñ¤J®Ö¤ß¡CM ¥Nªí¼Ò²Õ©M·N¨ýµÛ§AÀ³¸Ó§â¥¦ ½sĶ¦¨¼Ò²Õ¡C Y/M ¥Nªí§A¥i¥H¦b¨âªÌ¤§¶¡¥ô¾Ü¨ä¤@¡CªÅªº³]©w´N¤d¸U¤£­n§ï°Ê¡A ¤£§ï°Ê¥¦¥i¥H¥O§A¯à¦¨¥\½sĶ®Ö¤ßªº¾÷·|¼W¥[¡C

­nÀˬd¨º¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß¤¤ ( ¤£½×¬OÀRºA©Î°ÊºA¸ü¤Jªº )¡A§A¥i¥H¬Ý³o­Ó ÀÉ®× /dev/devices ¡C­nÀˬd¨º¨Ç¼Ò²Õ¤w¸ü¤J¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î 'lsmod'¡C­nÀˬd¦³¨º¨Ç ¼Ò ¥i¥H ¸ü¤Jªº¸Ü¡AÁä¤J'modprobe -l'¡C¦pªG§A»Ý­nªº¼Ò²Õ¤£¦b§Aªº ¨t²Îªº¸Ü¡A§A´N­n­«·s½sĶ®Ö¤ß¤Î¦w¸Ë¥¦¡C§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò Kernel-HOWTO ¨ÓÀ°§U§A­« ·s½sĶ®Ö¤ß¡C¦³Ãö«ç¼Ë³B²z®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õªº³Ì·s¸ê°T¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò Module-HOWTO¡C

Sect.  Description                 Module   SCSI  IDE   PP
------------------------------------------------------------
BLOCK  Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL...                     Y      
BLOCK  IDE/ATAPI CDROM             ide-cd        M/N/Y     
BLOCK  SCSI hostadaptor emulation  ide-scsi        M      
BLOCK  Loopback device             loop       M    M     M

PARIDE Parallel port IDE device    paride               Y/M
PARIDE Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROMs                       M
PARIDE Parallel port generic ATAPI                       M
PARIDE (select a low-level driver)                       Y

SCSI   SCSI support                scsi_mod  Y/M  Y/M    
SCSI   SCSI CD-ROM support         sr_mod    Y/M  Y/M     
SCSI     Enable vendor-specific               Y    Y      
SCSI   SCSI generic support        sg        Y/M  Y/M     
SCSI   (select a low-level driver)            Y

FS     ISO 9660 CDROM filesystem   iso9660    Y    Y     Y
FS     Microsoft Joliet cdrom...   joliet     M    M     M
Table 4:

¦p§x§A¦¨¥\«Ø¥ß©Î§ä¨ì©Ò»Ýªº¼Ò²Õ¤§«á¡A§A¥i±N¥¦­Ìªº¦WºÙ¥[¤J /etc/modules©Î ¥Ñ¦Û°Ê¤u¨ã¨Ó¸ü¤J¥¦­Ì (kmod,kerneld)¡C¦pªG§A¤£ªÖ©wªº¸Ü¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Linux ®M¥ó ¤¤ªº»¡©úÀÉ¡C

"SCSI hostadaptor emulation" ³o­Ó¥\¯à¦b¤§«eªºª©¥»¬O¥s°µ "SCSI emulation" ( ¤j·§¬O 2.0.36 )¡C¦p§x§A¥´¶}³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡A§A´N­n±NIDE/ATAPI ¥úºÐªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ ½sĶ¦¨¼Ò²Õ¡C­n¤£µM§A´N­n±N¥¦¨ú®ø©M¨Ï¥Î SCSI ªº¥úºÐÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C¦]¬° 2.2 ¨t¦C ªº®Ö¤ß¤w¤£¯à¦P®É¨Ï¥Î IDE ©M SCSI ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦b¦P¤@­ÓµwÅé¤W ( ¦p§x§A¬O¨Ï¥Î 2.0.36 ®Ö¤ßªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¬Ý¥H¤Uªº»¡©ú )¡C

Loopback device ¬O¤@­Ó¿ï¾Ü©Êªº¥\¯à¡A¥¦¯àÀ°§A¦b¿N¿ý¼v¹³¤§«e´ú¸Õ¤@¤U§Aªº ¼v¹³ÀÉ¡C

¦pªG§A­nŪ¨ú¥úºÐ¡A¨º§A´N»Ý­n ISO 9660 Àɮרt²Îªº¤ä´©¡C³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤w¦Û °Ê¥]§tRockRidge ©µ¦ù¡C¦pªG§A»Ý­nMS Joliet ¥úºÐ©µ¦ù¡A§A«K»Ý­n½sĶ¥¦¬°¼Ò ²ÕµM«á¸ü¤J¥¦¡C

¦b¥ô¦óªº±¡ªp¤U§A³£»Ý­n¤@­Ó§C¶¥ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C§C¶¥¬O«ü¨º­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡·|ª½±µ»Pµw Åé·¾³q¡C¦Ü©ó SCSI ©M¥­¦æ°ð¡A¦³«Ü¦h§C¶¥ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¥Î¡A½Ð¬Ý¥H¤Uªº»¡©ú¡C

µ¹ 2.2 ¨t²Îªº¯S§O´£¥Ü

¦b®Ö¤ßª©¥» 2.2.1 ¤¤¡A¤£­n¦P®É¥´¶}CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN ©Mide-scsi support ³o¨â­Ó¿ï¶µ¡A¦]¬° ide-scsi ¦³ÂΦӦܤ£¯à³o¼Ë°µ¡CµL½×¦p¦ó¡A³£«Øij¤j®a³£§â®Ö¤ß ¤É¯Å¬° 2.2.5 ¡C

¤@¨Ç¥Î¤á³ø§i»¡¤w½sĶ¦nªº cdrecord ©M 2.2 ®Ö¤ß¦³½Ä¬ð¡C³o¬O Linux ®Ö¤ßªº °ÝÃD¡C¸Ñ¨Mªº¤èªk¦p¤U¡G

µ¹ 2.0 ¨t¦Cªº¯S§O´£¥Ü

¦b®Ö¤ß 2.0.31 ¥H«e¬O¦³«Ü¦hÂΤަܤ£¯àŪ¨ú¥úºÐ¤¤³Ì«á¤@­ÓÀɮסC½Ð¤É¯Å¨ì®Ö ¤ß 2.0.36¡C

¹ï©ó 2.0.36 ©Î¥H¤Wªºª©¥»¡A§A¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¨ººØÅX°Êµ{¦¡(IDE or SCSI) ¦b¨º­Ó ATAPI-device¤W¨Ï¥Î¡C§óºë½T¦a»¡¡A§A¥i¥H¥[¤J"SCSI emulation" ³o­Ó¥\¯à¨ì §Aªº®Ö¤ß¤¤©M§A¥i¥H¦b®Ö¤ß©R¥O¦C¤¤µ¹¯S©wªº device ±Ò°Ê¼ÒÀÀ ( ¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê «e©Î±Ò°Ê¤¤ )¡CÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG§Aªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¦³³o­Ó devicefile /dev/hdb¡A³o¼Ë ¥[¤J¥H¤Uªº¥y¤l hdb=ide-scsi¡C

image=/boot/zImage-2.0.36
  label=Linux
  read-only
  append="hdb=ide-scsi"
Listing 2: Example configuration for lilo (/etc/lilo.conf)

linux "Linux 2.0.36" {
        image=/boot/zImage-2.0.36
        cmdline= root=/dev/hda5 readonly hdb=ide-scsi
}
Listing 3: Example configuration for chos (/etc/chos.conf)

2.2 µwÅé©M devicefiles

¦b§A¦w¸Ë©Ò¦³¥²»ÝªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥H«á, ­«·s³o­Ó·s®Ö¤ß¡C¥¦À³¸Ó¦³§A¦b©¹«á³¡¥÷©Ò»Ý ­nªº©Ò¦³¥\¯à¡C

[ ¦pªG§A¬O devfs ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A´N¤£»Ý­n²z·|¥H¤U¤â°Ê³]©w device files ªº¨B ÆJ¡A¦]¬° devfs ·|¬°§A¿ì²z¤@¤Áªº¨Æ±¡¡C]

¶i¤J /dev ¥Ø¿ýµM«áÀˬd¤@¤U§A¦³¨S¦³ loopback devices¡C ÁöµM³o¤£¬O¤Ó¤j°ÝÃD¦pªG§A¨S¦³³o¨Ç devices¡A¦ý¬O¦³¤F¥¦­Ì´N·|¤è«K¤@¨Ç (½Ð¬Ý 3.5 )¡E ¦pªG§A¦³¥¦­Ìªº¸Ü§A·|¬Ý¨ì ls «ü¥OÅã¥Üloop0-loop7¡G

shell> cd /dev
shell> ls loop*
loop0 loop1 loop2 loop3 loop4 loop5 loop6 loop7
Listing: devicefiles for loopback

¦pªG§A¨S¦³³o¨Ç device-files ªº¸Ü¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î/dev/MAKEDEV-script ¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥¦­Ì¡G

shell> cd /dev/
shell> modprobe loop
shell> ./MAKEDEV loop
Listing: commands to create loopback devices

¦pªG§A¦³loop ¼Ò²Õ½sĶ¶i®Ö¤ß¡A³Ì«áªº«ü¥O§A¤~¥i¥H¦¨¥\°õ¦æ¡C§A¦b³o ùجݨ즳Ãö«ç¼Ë³B²z loop-devicefiles ªº¤èªk§A¦P¼Ë¥i¥HÀ³¥Î¦b¨ä¥L devicefiles ¤¤(sg*, pg*, hd*, ...) ¤£¹L¦b¥H«áªº³¹¸`´N¤£·|©ú½T»¡©ú¡C

IDE/ATAPI ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹

ATAPI ¥Nªí "SCSI ªº©R¥O¦b IDE-bus ¤W°õ¦æ"¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A§AªºIDE/ATAPI ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹·|»¡ SCSI ¨ó©w(¤£¹L±a¦³¤@¨Ç­­¨î)¡A¨º§Y¬O¥¦·|¼ÒÀÀ¦¨¦n¹³¤@­Ó SCSI¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¤@¼Ë¡C

¦b Linux ©³¤U¥u­n§A¹B¥Î"SCSI (hostadaptor) emulation" ³o­Ó®Ö¤ß¥\¯à¨º§A ´N¥i¥H¥O§Aªº IDE ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¥X²{¦p¦P SCSI-devices ¨º¼Ë¡C¦pªG§A¨Ï ide-scsi ®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õ¬¡°Ê°_¨Óªº¸Ü¡A§A´N·|¦n¹³¾Ö¦³¤@­Ó SCSI ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¨º¼Ë¡C

SCSI ¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹

½Ð½T©w§Aªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹¯à°÷³Q§A¹q¸£ªº°ò¥»¿é¤J/¿é¥X¨t²Î¤ä´©¡C¨Æ±¡´NÅܱoÉN·N«ä ¦pªG§A¾Ö¦³µw¥ó¦Ó¹q¸£¤S¤£¯à¤ä´©¥¦¡C

¦p§x§A·Q±N§Aªº SCSI-drive ³s±µ¦Ü§A¹q¸£ªº¥­¦æ°ð¤Wªº¸Ü¡A§A»Ý­n¯S§OªºÆl½u ©M¯S§Oªº®Ö¤ßÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C¬Ý³o­Óºô§} http://www.torque.net/parport/parscsi.html ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦hªº¸ê®Æ¡C

¤@¯ë SCSI devices

/dev/sd* ©M /dev/sr* ³o¨Ç devicefiles ¬O¥Î¨Ó¦s¨ú SCSI µwºÐ©M SCSI ¥úºÐ ÅX°Ê¾¹¤£¹L SCSI ¥úºÐÅX°Ê¾¹ªº¦s¨ú¥u­­©ó block-oriented ¸ê®Æ¶Ç°e¡C³o¨Ï ¥¦­Ì¨º»ò§Ö³t©M¾A¦X©ó¸ê®Æ¦sÀx¡C¤£¹LÅX°Ê¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹ªº¹p®g¬O¤@¥ó§ó¥[½ÆÂøªº ¨Æ±¡¡A¦Ó¤£¬Oblock-oriented ¸ê®Æ¶Ç°e¨º»ò²³æ¡C­n¨Ï sd* ©M sr* devices «O «ù°®²b©M§Ö³t¡A¤@ºØ·sªº¸Ë¸m ¢w generic SCSI-devices´N­l¥Í¥X¨Ó¡C ¦]¬°©Ò¦³¹ï SCSI µwÅ骺¾Þ§@³£¥i¥H³z¹L generic devices ¨Ó¹F¦¨¦Ó¥¦­Ì¤S¨S¦³ ¯S©wªº¥Øªº©Ò¥H¥¦­Ì´N¥s°µ generic¡E

¦pªG§A­n§ä³o¨Ç device¡A§A¥i¥H¨ì /dev ªº¥Ø¿ý¡G

shell> cd /dev
shell> ls sg*
sg0  sg1  sg2  sg3  sg4  sg5  sg6  sg7

¦pªG§A¨S¦³³o¨Ç device-files ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¥Î¤U¦Cªº script ¨Ó«Ø¥ß¥¦­Ìthe /dev/MAKEDEV-script:

shell> cd /dev/
shell> ./MAKEDEV sg

¥­¦æ°ðªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹

¯u¹ï¤£°_¡A§Ú¨S¦³³o¤è­±ªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡C ½Ð¬Ý http://www.torque.net/parport/paride.html ©Î§A¥»°ÏªºÀÉ®×/usr/src/linux/Documentation/paride.txt.

2.3 ¨ú±o³nÅé¨Ó¿N¿ý¥úºÐ

§A¥i¥H¦b³oùاä¨ì¤@¨t¦C¿N¿ý¥úºÐªº³n¥ó http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdb.html.The CD building project for UNIX

©R¥O¦C¤u¨ã

§A»Ý­n¥H¤Uµ{¦¡¥]¤§¤¤¥ô¾Ü¨ä¤@¨Ó²£¥Í¥úºÐ­ì«¬¡G

ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/mkisofs/ (mkisofs)

ftp://ftp.ge.ucl.ac.uk/pub/mkhfs (mkhybrid)

µø§Aªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¾¹«¬¸¹¦Ó©w¡A§A»Ý­n¥H¤U¨ä¤¤¤§¤@­Óµ{¦¡¨Ó±N¥úºÐ­ì«¬¼g¤J¡G

ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/ (cdrecord)

¤d¸U¤£­n¬Û«Hmkisofs ªº»¡©úÀÉ¡A¥¦»¡§A»Ý­n cdwrite ª©¥» 1.5 ¡A§A¥u»Ý­n cdrecord ´N¦n¤F¡Cª`·N¡Gcdrecord ©Ò¥]¬Aªº mkiosfs ¦³¤@¨Çªþ¥[ªº¥\¯à¡E

Graphical user interfaces (optional)

Front-ends ¦b Linux ¤¤¯uªº¥u¬O front-ends¡C§Y¬O§A¤´µM»Ý­n¦w¸Ë©R¥O¦C¤u¨ã¡A ¤£¹L§A¥i¥H¥Î¤@­Ó¸û¦nªº¤¶­±¦Ó¤w¡C

X-CD-Roast ¬O¤@­Ó¦b Linux ¤U®e©ö¿N¿ý¥úºÐªºµ{¦¡¶°¡C¥¦µ²¦X¤F cdrecord ©M mkisofs ¦b¤@­Ó¬üÄRªº¤¶­±¥H¤¤¡C

http://www.fh-muenchen.de/home/ze/rz/services/projects/xcdroast/e_overview.html

BurnIT ¬O¤@­Ó cdrecord, mksiofs and cdda2wav-0.95 ªº JAVA front-end ¡A¡A³o¨Ï¥¦¦¨¬°¤@­Ó¦b Unix ¥­¥x¤U§¹¾ãªº¥úºÐ¿N¿ý¥]¸Ë¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³oùبú±o¡G

http://sunsite.auc.dk/BurnIT/


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