Ayto poy lene einai swsto: oi kaluteres parembaseis sto logismiko [hacks] jekinoun san proswpikes luseis sta ka8hmerina problhmata toy programmatisth ki ejaplwnontai epeidh ayta ginontai typika gia megalo ari8mo xrhstwn. Ayto mas parapempei sto 8ema toy kanona (1), poy mporei na diatypw8ei me pio xrhsimo tropo:
18. Gia na luseis ena endiaferon problhma, bres ena problhma poy einai endiaferon gia sena.
Ayto synebh me ton Carl Harris kai to palio popclient, ayto synebh kai me mena kai to fetchmail. Alla ayto hdh to exoyme katalabei. To endiaferon shmeio, to shmeio sto opoio oi istories toy Linux kai toy fetchmail fainetai na apaitoun na estiasoyme epanw toys, einai to epomeno stadio-h ejelijh toy logismikou paroysia mias megalhs kai drasthrias koinothtas xrhstwn kai syn-programmatistwn.
Sto biblio toy "The Mythical Man-Month" o Fred Brooks parathrei oti, o xronos toy programmatisth den einai antallajimos. H pros8hkh programmatistwn s' ena ka8ysterhmeno project logismikou to ka8ysterei perissotero. Isxyrizetai oti, to kostos ths polyplokothtas kai ths epikoinwnias enos project ayjanontai gewmetrika, enw h ergasia poy oloklhrwnetai ayjanetai ari8mhtika. Ayth h apoch egine gnwsth san "o Nomos toy Brooks" kai anagnwrizetai apo pollous san kati teleiws pasifanes. Alla an o Nomos toy Brooks apedide thn olh eikona to Linux 8a htan adunato na yparjei.
To klasiko keimeno "H Yyxologia toy Programmatismou me Hlektroniko Ypologisth", toy Gerald Weinberg, mas dinei mia zwtikh dior8wsh ths apochs toy Brooks. Sthn syzhthsh toy gia ton "xwris egwismo" programmatismo o Weinberg parathrei oti, se ergasies poy programmatistes den apaitoun "edafika dikaiwmata" gia ton kwdika toys kai en8arrunoyn alloys an8rwpoys na anazhthsoyn bugs kai pi8anes beltiwseis, h beltiwsh symbainei dramatika grhgorotera apo opoydhpote allou.
Oi epiloges orologias poy ekane o Weinberg isws empodizoyn thn analysh toy na kerdisei thn apodoxh poy ths ajizei-kapoios 8a xamogelouse ston xarakthrismo twn hackers toy Internet san "xwris egwismo". Alla pisteuw oti oi isxyrismoi toy moiazoyn shmera perissotero epiblhtikoi apo pote.
H istoria toy Unix 8a eprepe na mas exei proetoimasei gia o,ti ma8ainoyme ap' to Linux (kai gia oti exw egw diapistwsei, peiramatika kai se mikroterh klimaka otan skopima antegraca tis me8odoys toy Linus). Oti, dhladh, enw h suntajh kwdika paramenei mia oysiwdws monaxikh drasthriothta, oi pragmatika kales programmatistikes ergasies proerxontai otan xrhsimopoieitai h prosoxh kai h dianohtikh dunamh ths omadas. O programmatisths poy xrhsimopoiei to myalo toy toy monos h monh s' ena kleisto project 8a meinei pisw ap' ton programmatisth poy jerei pws na dhmioyrghsei ena anoixto, ejeliktiko plaisio sto opoio o entopismos twn bugs kai h epiteyjh beltiwsewn kataferontai apo ekatontades an8rwpwn.
Omws, o paradosiakos kosmos toy Unix empodisthke sthn prospa8eia toy na w8hsei ayth thn proseggish sthn telikh ths fash apo pollous paragontes. Tetoioi htan oi nomikoi periorismoi diaforwn adeiwn xrhshs pneymatikwn dikaiwmatwn, epaggelmatika mystika kai ta emporika symferonta. Enas allos htan oti to Internet den htan akomh arketa kalo.
Prin apo thn eleysh toy fthnou Internet yphrxan kapoies gewgrafika sympageis omades twn opoiwn h koyltoura ene8arryne ton "mh egwistiko" programmatismo toy Weinberg ki enas programmatisths mporouse xwris dyskolia na proselkusei pollous ikanous parathrhtes kai programmatistes. Ta Bell Labs, MIT AI Lab, to UC Berkeley eginan oikoi 8rylikwn kainotomiwn poy einai akomh se isxu.
To Linux htan to prwto project poy ekane syneidhtes kai epityxeis prospa8eies na ajiopoih8ei oloklhros o kosmos san h dikh toy dejamenh talentwn. Den nomizw oti einai sumptwsh oti h gonimh periodos toy Linux emfanizetai thn idia periodo me ekeinh ths gennhshs toy Pagkosmioy Istou (World Wide Web-WWW) kai oti to Linux egkateleice thn paidikh toy hlikia kata thn periodo 1993-1994 h opoia eide thn apogeiwsh ths biomhxanias Paroxewn Yphresiwn Internet (ISP) kai ths ekrhjhs toy megaloy reumatos endiaferontos gia to Internet. O Linus htan o prwtos an8rwpos poy ema8e pws na paizei me toys neoys kanones poy dhmioyrgouse to Internet.
Enw to fthno Internet htan mia anagkaia syn8hkh gia thn anaptyjh toy monteloy Linux, nomizw pws apo mono toy den hgan mia eparkhs syn8hkh. Enas allo zwtikos paragontas htan h anaptyjh enos hgetikou styl ki enos synoloy synergatikwn synh8eiwn poy epetrecan stoys programmatistes na proselkusoyn syn-programmatistes kai na apokomisoyn thn megisth isxu.
Ti einai, omws, ayto to hgetiko styl kai oi synh8eies; Den mporoun na basizontai se sxeseis ejoysias-akomh ki an mporousan, h ejanagkastikh ejoysia den mporei na prokalesei ta apotelesmata poy diapistwnoyme. O Weinberg para8etei thn aytobiografia toy Piotr Alejeiebits Kropotkin, Rwsoy anarxikou toy 19oy aiwna, "Oi anamnhseis enos Epanastath".
"Exontas anatrafei apo mia oikogeneia poy eixe sthn idiokthsia ths doyloparoikoys jekinhsa thn zwh moy, opws oloi oi neoi ths epoxhs moy, me pisth megalh sthn anagkaiothta toy na diatazeis, na malwneis, na timwreis, kai ol' ayta. Alla otan, arketa nwris, eprepe na leitoyrghsw sobares epixeirhseis kai na sysxetistw me [eleu8eroys] an8rwpoys, kai otan to paramikro la8os mporouse na odhghsei se odynhres epiptwseis, arxisa na ektimw thn diafora metaju ths drashs basei twn arxwn ths entolhs kai ths pei8arxias kai ths drashs basei ths arxhs ths koinhs katanohshs. Oi prwtes efarmozontai 8aymasia se mia stratiwtikh parelash, alla den ajizei to paramikro sthn pragmatikh zwh opoy o stoxos mporei na epiteyx8ei mono me tis sklhrh prospa8eia pollwn sygklinoyswn 8elhsewn"
H "sklhrh prospa8eia pollwn sygklinoyswn 8elhsewn" einai akribws ayto poy apaitei to project toy Linux-kai h "arxh ths diataghs" einai adunaton na efarmostei metaju e8elontwn, mesa ston anarxiko paradeiso poy legetai Internet. Gia na leitoyrghsoyn kai synagwnistoun apotelesmatika, oi programmatistes poy 8eloyn na hgh8oun enos synergatikou project prepei na ma8oyn na stratologoun kai na energopoioun apotelesmatikes omades programmatistwn me ton tropo poy proteinei h "arxh ths katanohshs" toy Kropotkin. Prepei na ma8oyn na xrhsimopoioun ton Nomo toy Linus.
Nwritera anafer8hka sto "fainomeno twn Delfwn" ws mia pi8anh ejhghsh toy Nomoy toy Linus. Yparxoyn, omws, ki alles ejhghseis opws oi isxyres analogies twn prosarmosimwn systhmatwn sthn biologia kai thn oikonomia. O kosmos toy Linux symperiferetai apo polles apoceis san mia eleu8erh agora h ena oikosusthma, san ena sunolo egwistikwn dynamewn poy prospa8oun na megistopoihsoyn thn wfeleia h opoia, sthn diadikasia, dhmioyrgei mia ayto-dior8wtikh ay8ormhth tajh perissotero peritexnh kai apotelesmatikh apo ka8e tetoia poy mporei na kataferei opoiodhpote posothta kentrikou sxediasmou. Meta, s' ayto to shmeio prepei na anazhthsoyme thn "arxh ths katanohshs".
H "wfelimh leitoyrgia" poy prospa8oun na megistopoihsoyn oi programmatistes Linux den einai oikonomikh alla mia aprosdioristh ikanopoihsh toy egw kai ths fhmhs toys metaju twn allwn programmatistwn. (Kapoios mporei na onomasei to kinhtro toys "altroyistiko", alla 8a agnoei oti o altroyismos einai o idios einai mia morfh ikanopoihshs toy egw twn altroyistwn). H e8elontikh koyltoura poy leitoyrgei m' ayto ton tropo sthn pragmatikothta einai synh8ismenh. Mia allh koyltoura, sthn opoia symmeteixa ki egw, einai oi opadoi ths episthmonikhs fantasias poy, anti8eta me toys programmatistes anagnwrizei "ton mpampoula toy egw" (ton employtismo ths fhmhs kapoioy metaju allwn opadwn) san to basiko kinhtro pisw ap' thn e8elontikh drasthriothta.
Exontas me epityxia balei ton eayto toy sth 8esh toy fulaka toy project kata to opoio h anaptyjh toy logismikou ginetai apo alloys kai kalliergwntas to endiaferon gia to project mexris otoy ayto egine aytosynthroumeno, o Linus epedeije mia ojyderkh antilhch ths "arxhs ths koinhs katanohshs" toy Kropotkin. Ayth h hmi-oikonomikh och toy kosmoy toy Linux mas anagkazei na ejetasoyme pws efarmozetai ayth h katanohsh.
Mporoume na doume tis me8odoys toy Linus san ena tropo sundeshs toy egwismou toy jexwristou programmatisth oso to dynaton pio stenhs me duskoloys stoxoys, poy mporoun na epiteyx8oun mono me paratetamenh synergasia. Me to project toy fetchmail apedeija (molonoti se mikroterh klimaka) oti ayth h me8odos mporei na epanalhf8ei me kala apotelesmata. Isws ta katafera ligo pio syneidhta kai systhmatika apo ekeinon.
Polloi an8rwpoi (idiaitera ekeinoi poy politika dyspistoun enwpion ths eleu8erhs agoras) 8a perimenan apo mia koyltoura ayto- diey8ynomenwn atomwn na einai kermatismenh, topikh, axrhsth, peritth ki ex8rikh. Aytes oi prosdokies, omws, akyrwnontai apo thn ekplhktikh poikilia, poiothta kai ba8os ths tekmhriwshs toy Linux, gia na anaferw ena paradeigma. Oi programmatistes apex8anontai thn tekmhriwsh. Pws, tote, oi programmatistes toy Linux paragoyn tosh polu; Profanws, h eleu8erh agora sto Linux doyleuei parexontas kalh, diaforetikh symperifora apo ekeinh twn mazika xrhmatodotoumenwn ergasthriwn paragwghs tekmhriwshs twn emporikwn logismikwn proiontwn.
Toso to project toy pyrhna toy fetchmail oso kai toy Linux deixnoyn oti, antameibontas katallhla toys programmatistes enas kalos programmatisths/syntonisths mporei na xrhsimopoihsei to Internet gia na ekmetalleytei ta ofelh otan exei pollous programmatistes xwris, taytoxrona, na katastrefetai to project mesa se mia xaotikh anakatwsoura. Etsi, ston Nomo Brooks antiproteinw to ejhs:
19. Me ton oro o syntonisths programmatisths na exei ena meson toylaxiston toso kalo oso to Internet kai gnwrizontas pws na hgh8ei xwris katapiesh, polla myala anapofeykta ginontai kalutera apo ena.
Pisteuw oti, to mellon toy logismikou anoixtou kwdika anhkei olo kai perissotero stoys an8rwpoys poy jeroyn pws na paijoyn to paixnidi toy Linus, se an8rwpoys poy afhnoyn pisw toys to ka8edriko styl ki agkaliazoyn to styl pazariou. M' ayto den ennooume oti h apoch kai h eyfyia toy ka8enos den exoyn shmasia. Alla mallon oti, h aixmh toy logismikou anoixtou kwdika 8a anhkei se an8rwpoys poy jekinoun ap' thn atomikh apoch ki eyfyia kai meta tis enisxuoyn me thn apotelesmatikh dhmioyrgia e8elontikwn omadwn koinou endiaferontos.
Kai isws oxi mono to mellon toy logismikou anoixtou kwdika. Kanenas programmatisths kleistou kwdika mporei na sygkentrwsei ola ayta ta talenta poy h koinothta toy Linux mporei na apasxolhsei gia thn epilysh kapoioy problhmatos. Polloi ligoi mporoun na antepejel8oyn sto oikonomiko ejodo proslhchs to polu diakosiwn an8rwpwn, oswn syneiseferan sto fetchmail!
Isws, sto telos, h koyltoura toy anoixtou kwdika 8riambeusei oxi epeidh h synergasia einai h8ikws or8h h h "fragh" toy logismikou einai h8ikws lan8asmenh (ypo8etw oti 8a symfwneite me to teleytaio), alla apla epeidh o kosmos toy kleistou kwdika den mporei na kerdisei enan ejeliktiko agwna me tis koinothtes anoixtou kwdika, polu perissotero ki empeiro xrono gia thn epilysh enos problhmatos.