M
| percentage of males aged 14-24 |
So
| indicator variable for a southern state |
Ed
| mean years of schooling |
Po1
| police expenditure in 1960 |
Po2
| police expenditure in 1959 |
LF
| labour force participation rate |
M.F
| number of males per 1000 females |
Pop
| state population |
NW
| number of nonwhites per 1000 people |
U1
| unemployment rate of urban males 14-24 |
U2
| unemployment rate of urban males 35-39 |
GDP
| gross domestic product per head |
Ineq
| income inequality |
Prob
| probability of imprisonment |
Time
| average time served in state prisons |
y
| rate of crimes in a particular category per head of population |
Vandaele, W. (1978) Participation in illegitimate activities: Ehrlich revisited. In Deterrence and Incapacitation, eds A. Blumstein, J. Cohen and D. Nagin, pp. 270-335. US National Academy of Sciences.