object
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an object inheriting from class lme , representing
a fitted linear mixed-effects model.
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level
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an optional integer vector giving the level(s) of grouping
to be used in extracting the residuals from object . Level
values increase from outermost to innermost grouping, with
level zero corresponding to the population residuals. Defaults to
the highest or innermost level of grouping.
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type
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an optional character string specifying the type of
residuals to be used. If "response" , the "raw" residuals
(observed - fitted) are used; else, if "pearson" , the
standardized residuals (raw residuals divided by the corresponding
standard errors) are used; else, if "normalized" , the
normalized residuals (standardized residuals pre-multiplied by the
inverse square-root factor of the estimated error correlation
matrix) are used. Partial matching of arguments is used, so only the
first character needs to be provided. Defaults to "pearson" .
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asList
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an optional logical value. If TRUE and a single
value is given in level , the returned object is a list with
the residuals split by groups; else the returned value is
either a vector or a data frame, according to the length of
level . Defaults to FALSE .
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