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3. RY8MISEIS ELLHNIKWN

Gia mia grhgorh setupgreek deite to antistoixo kefalaio.

3.1 Konsola (text mode)

Sthn konsola mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete to greek-console toy Giwrgoy Keramida. Yposthrizei kai 737 kai 928, enw exei kai eukolh egkatastash me rpm. Ta ellhnika fainontai me "chcp 737" kai "chcp 928" kai (ap)energopoiountai me (aristera) ALT-SHIFT. Epishs to deji ALT allazei stigmiaia to plhktrologio.

O Alejios Koykoulas exei gracei epishs to greek12.tgz.

3.2 Grafiko periballon (Xwindows)

Oi epiloges poy exei kaneis gia na sthsei ellhnika katw apo XWindows se Linux einai duo (peran toy na ta ftiajei monos toy, px me xmodmap): to GRkbd kai to grISOXKb. To GRkbd einai mia polu aplh kai prosfath lush, to grISOXKb xrhsimopoihste to ean gia kapoio logo den ta kafernete me thn prwth lush.

GRkbd

To paketo ayto einai oysiastika ena mono arxeio me to antistoixo onoma, poy to trexete gia na exete ellhnika kai exei graftei apo to Giannh Tsakirh. Einai h pio aplh lush gia na exete ellhnika sto Linux sas kai 8a to breite ston Argea: ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/GRkbd-1.2.linux.tar.gz. Katebaste to, anoijte to tar.gz arxeio, kai 8a breite mesa toy to README kai to grkbd, poy 8a to balete ston katalogo /usr/local/bin. Mia shmaia poy allazei apo ellhnikh se agglikh kai anapoda se ka8e klik, h me pathma toy aristerou ALT-SHIFT, 8a emfanistei sthn o8onh otan to ektelesete.

grISOXKb

H prwth dhmosia ekdosh toy grISOXKb einai pleon gegonos kai einai proion synergasias twn Dhmhtrh Mpoura kai Lefterh Tsintzelh. To paketo grISOXKb einai ypersunolo twn palaioterwn GRKbd (oxi ayto toy Tsakirh) kai grXiso. H kainourgia ayth version exei polla "kaloudia". Ta duo pio shmantika einai:

Perissotera sto README toy paketoy, kai sta arxeia docs/INSTALLATION.*: ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/grISOXKb-1.2.tar.gz

HOWTOs gia ta Xwindows:

{
Ta tonoymena (; + letter) de moy bgainoyn se shells (ok se xedit).
Den exw akomh brei giati.
To package einai ontws poly kalh prospatheia. Einai akoma ateles.
Leipoyn: tonoymena+dialytika, anw teleia, ellhnika omoiwmatika
(BTW, ola yposthrizontai sto rxvt compiled me greek support).
Epishs: ypothetei oti to keyboard einai ellhniko. Yparxoyn polla kbds
(opws ta UK, IT klp) poy exoyn polla symbols se theseis diaforetikes
apo to ellhniko (eg. @, ", \ klp). Exw hdh kanei patch sto grISOXKb
gia to UK keyboard kai kalo einai na mporei kaneis me COUNTRY-X 
keyboard na mporei na kanei type ellhnika xwris na allazoyn oi theseis
allwn symbols.

Mazi me fix twn parapanw to XKB X11 greek support tha einai sxedon
teleio.
Ksereis an kai poy exei documentation gia XKB kai compose files.
Kapoios prepe na to teleiwsei. Doyleyei kaneis twra se ayto ?
[ah@computer.org]
}

3.3 Ellhnikes grammatoseires

Gia grammatoseires gia Tex, blepe refertex

Yparxei akomh ena true-type font engine kai metatropeis, xrhsimo se osoys exoyn sylloges apo grammatoseires gia Windows/Mac. Deite http://www.freetype.org/ kai gia na sthsete true type grammatoseires sto magaz http://magaz.hellug.gr/10/TTFlinux.html.

8a breite arketes eidika gia Xwindows (kyriws 928):

X11greek

greekXfonts-Type1-1.1

{
Den iksera oti den bgainei h payla! An typwseis to PS bgainei
kanonika. Ara mallon einai bug toy X Type1 rasteriser.
BTW, exw kanei ki ena aplo filtro (grpsfilter) poy epitrepei printing 
greek texts mesa apo Netscape. Des parakatw!
H lysh poy allazei ola ta ksena fonts se ellhnika den einai swsth.
[ah@computer.org]
}

hrgrXfonts-75dpi kai hrgrXfonts-100dpi

{
Aytes einai kai mesa sto set: greekXfonts-full-1.1.tgz  poy tha
synexisei na ekdidetai kai mallon tha perasei kai sta official X.
Shmeiwteon oti ta grtex/grtt fonts ta ftiaksame mazi me to Thanassi
Prwtopapa poy doyleye gia to HRI.

To greekXfonts-full-1.1.tgz egine me skopo:
* na mazepsei ta pio kala greek fonts poy yphrxan sto diktyo
  Exei ta grtex/grtt kai polla alla: grfixed, couriergr, helveticagr.
  Akoma fonts kai se 737 encodings.
* na xrhsimopoihsei "swsta" (XLFD) kai omoiogenh font names
* na prosferei Type1 scalable fonts ypshlhs poiothtas (ta opoia
  prosferontai kai xwrista) - grinet
* na doyleyei trasnsparently me Netscape
[ah@computer.org]
}

elot7x14 kai elot7x14B

3.4 Zwnh wras

H Ellada brisketai sthn Wriaia Zwnh Anatolikhs Eyrwphs (Eastern European Timezone,EET), poy einai isodunamo me thn wra Greenwich syn 2 wres (GMT+2), kata thn xeimerinh periodo. To kalokairi otan ginetai allagh wras, h swsth metatroph einai +0300 (EET DST), opoy DST shmainei Daylight Saving Time. Prokeimenoy na ginetai aytomata h metatroph, kalutera epilejte Europe/Athens. To 1996 allaje h hmeromhnia allaghs apo kalokairinh se xeimerinh wra (apo Septembrh, twra ginetai Oktwbrh). Oi nees dianomes toy Linux to exoyn yp' ocin toys ayto, oi palaioteres 8eloyn dior8wsh.

tzHellas

{ Me to paron 0a h0ela na anakoinwsw ena mini-paketo pou parexei ena dior0wmeno arxeio gia to Ellhniko timezone, meta tis allages pou perisy kai fetos (1996) anakoinw0hkan gia tis hmeromhnies allaghs ths "kalokairinhs" wras. Mazi me auto yparxei kai ena mikro programmataki pou diabazei tetoia arxeia kai typwnei tis plhrofories pou periexoun se an0rwpina-anagnwsimh morfh (pws leme "human-readable form" - h metafrash twn agglikwn orwn dinei kai pairnei, etsi gia na anatrixiazoun merikoi-merikoi :) :)).

To paketaki (molis 4365 bytes) 0a to breite (entos oligou) sto

ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/tzHellas-271097.tar.gz

Katebaste to kai diabaste to README gia perissotera. Bottom line: to timezone file "Hellas" pou periexei, parexei swstes hmeromhnies allaghs wras (symfwna me thn prosfath epishmh anakoinwsh) gia thn Ellada, mexri kai ton Oktwbrio tou 2001, h mexri na mas alla3oune pali tis hmeromhnies... :)

Dhmhtrhs Bouras }

EET.zic

{
An 8elei na orisei kaneis timezone environment variable, ayth einai h 
svsth:
        setenv TZ 'EET-2EET DST-3,M3.5.0/3:00:00,M10.5.0/3:00:00'
vraio e? :-)

Pio kala bebaia einai na xrhsimopoioyme to svsto zoneinfo arxeio.
Oi teleytaies ekdoseis toy linux exoyn svsta orismeno 
to EET (allakse to 1996).
Oi palaioteres allazoyn thn vra to Septembrio, anti toy Oktvbrioy.
Etsi ftiaxnoyme to parakatv arxeio EET.zic:

----- CUT: EET.zic -----
Rule    E-Eur   1986    max     -       Mar     lastSun 3:00s   1:00    " DST"
Rule    E-Eur   1986    1995    -       Sep     lastSun 3:00s   0       -
Rule    E-Eur   1996    max     -       Oct     lastSun 3:00s   0       -
Zone    EET             2:00    E-Eur           EET%s
----- CUT: END OF EET.zic -----

Meta:
        zic EET.zic
(ayto ftiaxnei to /usr/lib/zoneinfo/EET)
        /bin/rm -f /var/lib/zoneinfo/localtime
        ln -s /usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime /var/lib/zoneinfo/EET
}

3.5 Ektypwseis

Se ayto to kefalaio 8a perigracoyme pws na ry8misete to susthma sas wste na mporeite na ektypwsete ellhnika. An den eiste ejoikiwmenoi me ta basika sxetika me ta lpd kai lpr kalo 8a htan na symboyleyteite to Printing-HOWTO poy dinei polutimes plhrofories.

Plain text se text ektypwth poy yposthrizei ellhnika.

Ean o ektypwths sas mporei na typwsei plain text kai yposthrizei ellhnika, den xreiazetai na kanete sxedon tipota. Apla steilte to keimeno gia ektupwsh me thn entolh lpr. Prosejte mono to 8ema ths kwdikoselidas (bl. greekcodepage ). Ean o ektypwths sas yposthrizei diaforetikh kwdikoselida apo ayth poy einai grammeno to keimeno, 8a prepei na to metatrecete (bl. convertgreek ).

Plain text se ektypwth poy den yposthrizei ellhnika.

An o ektypwths sas den yposthrizei ellhnika, 8a prepei na metatrecete to plain text keimeno se PostScript mesw toy a2ps (bl. a2ps ) kai na to typwsete mesw toy Ghostscript. Ean exete problhmata, cajte gia to a2psgr.

Typwnontas ellhniko PostScript keimeno.

Akomh kai ean den dia8etete ektypwth poy na yposthrizei PostScript, to Linux sas epitrepei na typwnete tetoia keimena mesw toy Ghostscript. To ghostcript einai ena programma poy metatrepei PostScript arxeia se morfh poy mporoun na katalaboyn alles syskeyes (ektypwtes diaforwn eidwn, X Windows, fax k.l.). Apo ayto to shmeio kai pera, "ektupwsh mesa apo to ghostscript" 8a shmainei metatroph enos PostScript arxeioy sto format toy ektypwth sas kai meta ektupwsh me kapoia entolh ths morfhs lpr file.

Ti 8a xreiasteite gia na typwsete ellhnika apo to ghostview:

Dokimaste oti doyleuei swsta px me thn entolh: {+++} gs -sDEVICE=deskjet -dNOPAUSE -sOutpoutFile=/dev/lp1 tiger.ps

Tropopoiwntas to Fontmap

To Fontmap einai to arxeio poy dinei sto ghostscript pou 8a brei to arxeio ka8e grammatoseiras. Sto susthma moy brisketai sto

/usr/share/ghostscript/3.33/Fontmap
. An den jerete pou exei egkatasta8ei to diko sas, dwste
find / -name "Fontmap"
gia na to breite.

To Fontmap apoteleitai apo eggrafes ths morfhs

/Charter-Roman                  (bchr.pfa)      ;
H grammh ayth gia paradeigma deixnei oti h grammatoseira Courier-Roman brisketai sto arxeio bchr.pfa.

To mono poy xreiazetai na kanoyme einai na pros8esoyme tis ellhnikes grammatoseires. Ta onomata poy 8a dwsete stis grammatoseires sas mporoun na einai opoiadhpote (p.x. PanosArialBold) alla kalo einai na exoyn mia logikh (p.x. to PanosArialBold na mhn antistoixei se mia courier italic grammatoseira !!!). An oi grammatoseires synodeuontai apo kapoio arxeio poy na tis perigrafei (p.x. fonts.scale) kalo 8a htan na xrhsimopoihsete onomata poy na einai antistoixa me ayta poy dinontai ekei. Mporeite akomh na dwsete

strings filename.pfb | more
kai na koitajete gia kapoia grammh ths morfhs
/FontName /GreekArialBold def
Prosoxh! Ta onomata twn arxeiwn otan den perilambanoyn to directory 8ewrountai pws briskontai sto directory poy to ghostscript fylaei paromoia arxeia. An oi grammatoseires sas briskontai kapoy allou na balete oloklhro to onoma. Gia paradeigma,

/GreekArialPlain (/usr/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1GR/grkarip.pfb) ;

An stelnete arxeia pros ektupwsh apo diafores efarmoges (p.x. Netscape) einai polu pi8ano aytes na xrhsimopoioun kapoies default grammatoseires. Gia paradeigma, to Netscape 8a steilei opoiodhpote arxeio, anejarthta apo thn glwssa poy einai grammeno, na typw8ei me tis grammatoseires Times kai Courier. Ayto 8a exei san apotelesma na typwnontai ta ellhnika keimena se akatanohth morfh (gia na to poyme eygenika). H lush einai na pros8esete sto telos toy Fontmap eggrafes poy 8a antika8istoyn tis grammatoseires aytes me tis ellhnikes. Gia paradeigma oi teleytaies grammes toy dikou moy Fontmap einai:

/Times-Roman                    /GreekTimesPlain ;
/Times-Italic                   /GreekTimesItalic ;
/Times-Bold                     /GreekTimesBold ;
/Times-BoldItalic               /GreekBoldItalic ;
/Courier                        /GreekCourierPlain      ;
/Courier-Italic                 /GreekCourierItalic ;
/Courier-Bold                   /GreekCourierBold ;
/Courier-BoldItalic             /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;

Fontmap, pros8etes luseis

O 'Aggelos Xaritshs moy esteile tis dikes toy ry8miseis gia to problhma sxetika me to Fontmap, ka8ws kai ena programmataki, to grpsfilter (deite parakatw), me to opoio 8a mporesete na jeperasete to problhma me to netscape xwris na peirajete to fontmap.

Ta Fontmap aliases poy proteinw (kanei use ta Type1 fonts moy):
Pros to telos toy Fontmap:
===================cut==here=======================================
% ------------------------------------------------------
% Elot greek fonts by Angelo Haritsis <ah@computer.org>
% ------------------------------------------------------
/GreekArialPlain                (grkarip.pfb)   ;
/GreekArialBold                 (grkarib.pfb)   ;
/GreekArialItalic               (grkarii.pfb)   ;
/GreekArialBoldItalic           (grkaribi.pfb)  ;
/Greek-Arial-Plain              /GreekArialPlain ;
/Greek-Arial-Bold               /GreekArialBold ;
/Greek-Arial-Italic             /GreekArialItalic ;
/Greek-Arial-Bold-Italic        /GreekArialBoldItalic ;
/Greek-Arial-BoldItalic         /GreekArialBoldItalic ;

/GreekTimesPlain                (grktimp.pfb)   ;
/GreekTimesBold                 (grktimb.pfb)   ;
/GreekTimesItalic               (grktimi.pfb)   ;
/GreekTimesBoldItalic           (grktimbi.pfb)  ;
/Greek-Times-Plain              /GreekTimesPlain ;
/Greek-Times-Roman              /GreekTimesPlain ;
/Greek-Times-Bold               /GreekTimesBold ;
/Greek-Times-Italic             /GreekTimesItalic ;
/Greek-Times-Bold-Italic        /GreekTimesBoldItalic ;
/Greek-Times-BoldItalic         /GreekTimesBoldItalic ;

/GreekCourierPlain              (grkcurp.pfb)   ;
/GreekCourierBold               (grkcurb.pfb)   ;
/GreekCourierItalic             (grkcuri.pfb)   ;
/GreekCourierBoldItalic         (grkcurbi.pfb)  ;
/GreekCourier                   /GreekCourierPlain ;
/Greek-Courier                  /GreekCourierPlain ;
/Greek-Courier-Plain            /GreekCourierPlain ;
/Greek-Courier-Bold             /GreekCourierBold ;
/Greek-Courier-Italic           /GreekCourierItalic ;
/Greek-Courier-Bold-Italic      /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;
/Greek-Courier-BoldItalic       /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;

% Polytoniko Greek fonts
/GreekPolyTimesPlain            (grkpolp.pfb)   ;
/GreekPolyTimesItalic           (grkpoli.pfb)   ;
/Greek-Poly-Times-Plain         /GreekPolyTimesPlain ;
/Greek-Poly-Times-Italic        /GreekPolyTimesItalic ;
===================cut==here=======================================

grpsfilter

Na kai to aplo filtro grpsfilter:
-----------------------------grpsfilter-----------------------
#!/bin/sh
# Filter to print greek from Netscape (may be used in printcap)
# (c) 1997 Angelo Haritsis <ah@computer.org>
# NB: You need my postscript greek fonts and proper Fontmap!
#
exec sed -e 's/\/Times\(.* findfont\)/\/Greek-Times\1/g' \
    -e 's/\Courier\(.* findfont\)/\Greek-Courier\1/g' \
    -e 's/\/Times-Oblique\(.* findfont\)/Greek-Times-Italic\1/g' \
    -e 's/\/Times-BoldOblique\(.* findfont\)/Greek-Times-BoldItalic\1/g'
-----------------------------grpsfilter-----------------------

An ftiakseis enan printer `grps' sto printcap poy pernaei ola ta
Postscript mesa apo to grpsfilter, tote exeis ellhnikh ektypwsh
xwris na "xalaseis" to FontMap.

Profanws to filter doyleyei kai sto cmd line. Apo Netscape print to
a file: test.ps kai meta:
  grpsfilter <test.ps | ghostview -  


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