Next Previous Contents

2. Ellhnikes Kwdikoselides (Pinakes xarakthrwn, character sets)

O H/Y gia na parasthsei ta glwssika sumbola xrhsimopoiei 1byte=8bit, dhladh exoyme 2^8=256 diaforetika grammata. O kwdikas ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) orizei aysthra mono ta prwta 128 sumbola (7bit). Ta alla misa sumbola xrhsimopoiountai gia apeikonish eidikwn symbolwn allwn glwsswn alla kai grafikwn symbolwn. Anti8eta, me alles eyrwpaikes glwsses ta ellhnika einai ej' oloklhroy sta 8bit. O profanhs logos einai ta polla diaforetika sumbola poy exei h ellhnikh glwssa se sxesh me tis ypoloipes.

Ta ellhnika yparxoyn se polles diaforetikes typopoihseis. Oi pio synh8ismenes apo aytes, einai ta 737 kai ta 928. Amfotera einai gia monotonika ellhnika. Ta men 737 xrhsimopoiountai apo to DOS, ta de 928 apo ta UNIX kai Windows systhmata, an kai sta Windows yparxoyn mikres parallages. To Linux exei san kuria kwdikoselida ta 928. To oti exoyme gia Ellhnika duo kai pleon kwdikoselides, fysika, einai megalo problhma, poy jepernietai me eidikous metatropeis, gia allagh apo to ena set sto allo.

Pros8etes plhrofories gia ellhnikes kwdikoselides mporeite na breite sto RFC 1947, "Greek Character Encoding for Electronic Mail Messages". Deite sxetika http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc1947.html

2.1 737

Ta 737 einai epishs gnwsta kai ws 437G (=437Greek), giati proekycan apo tropopoihsh twn amerikanikwn 437. Ta 737 prwtoemfanisthkan stis ellhnikes EPROM twn MDA kai Hercules kartwn grafikwn twn prwtwn PC, opoy briskontan dhladh sto HARDWARE. Xrhsimopoih8hkan kata koron sto DOS, kai gia ayto ola ta arxeia poy proerxontai apo DOS anamenetai na einai 737. Epeidh ta 737 8ewrountai pleon kataloipo toy DOS, einai kalutera na metatrecete ta arxeia poy einai 737 se 928. (bl. convertgreek ). Sto Linux, h kwdikoselida 737 yposthrizetai plhrws mono sthn konsola (text-mode), kai yparxoyn kai merikes grammatoseires gia X-Windows.

Tropopoihsh pyrhna gia yposthrijh 737

SHMEIWSH: Exoyn anafer8ei periptwseis, opoy to "d" (DELTA mikro) den plhktrologeitai se kapoioys pyrhnes kai ayto symbainei giati sympiptei me to 128+ESC (128+27=155=asc("d")). Phgainete sto /usr/src/linux/drivers/char/console.c, kapoy leei:

              && (c != 127 || disp_ctrl)
              && (c != 128+27);
allajte se 
              && (c != 127 || disp_ctrl)
              /*      && (c != 128+27)*/;
kai kanete compile ton pyrhna.

737 se X-windows

Ta 737 yposthrizontai se merikes apo tis fixed grammatoseires poy einai sto ftp://dolphin.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/greek/fonts/X11/greekXfonts-full-1.1.tgz .

    Names (from xlsfonts):
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-85-85-m-0-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--14-110-75-75-c-75-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--16-120-75-75-c-75-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-normal--23-179-85-85-m-120-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-semicondensed--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-semicondensed--10-100-75-75-c-60-grpc-737
-misc-grfixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-grpc-737
-misc-grvga-medium-r-normal--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737
-misc-grvga-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-60-grpc-737
  (nomizw kapoia exoyn bugs kai exw skopo na ta diorthwsw se next
release). [ah@computer.org]

 Shmeiwseis:
 * ta Type1 (k.a.) 928 fonts moy exoyn to A tonoymeno se 2 theseis wste na
   einai symbata me windows texts. Epishs exoyn kai ta symbola poy leipoyn.
 * to kbd support gia ellhnika sto rxvt (poy exw kanei contribute) exei
   yposthriksh gia anw teleia kai ellhnika omoiwmatika kathws epishs
   kai grammata me tono/dialytika. Ola ayta prepei na perasoyn
   se X11 xkb-style (ala grISOXKb).

2.2 928

Ta 928 einai pio sugxronh typopoihsh kai ka8ierw8hkan arxika apo ton ELOT. Argotera eginan apodekta kai apo ton ISO ws ISO-Latin-8859-7, h apla Latin7. Ta 928 xrhsimopoiountai se oles tis efarmoges twn UNIX, sto Internet kai apoteloun to shmerino protypo kai gia to Linux. H kwdikoselida 928 yposthrizetai, kai sthn konsola (text-mode), kai se grafiko periballon (X-Windows).

Windows-1253

H kuria apoklish twn Windows ellhnikwn (Windows-1253) apo thn typopoihsh ELOT 928 ( ISO 8859-7), einai o xarakthras "A", (A tonoumeno) toy ELOT 928 o opoios sta Windows antistoixei sto Paragraph mark. Apo ta Windows-1253 leipoyn epishs h anw teleia, kai ta ellhnika omoiwmatika << kai >>. Epeidh moiraia 8a prepei na apodextoume ton periorismo ayto poy mas 8etoyn ta MS-Windows, kai epeidh arketoi xrhstes xrhsimopoioun wintel platforma ergasias, kalo 8a einai na apofeugetai to < A tonoumeno > kata thn apostolh e-mails, postings, klp. Enallaktika mporeite na xrhsimopoieite to 'A ( ' = SHIFT+" ) Paromoia problhmata yparxoyn kai me ta 'E kai 'O. Gia elegxo, ayta einai ola ta tonoumena: AEHIOUW.

2.3 Unicode

Ta UNICODE (ISO 10646) einai 16bit (=> 65536) kai perilambanoyn polles glwsses, mazi me ta nea ellhnika, poy exoyn offset #370 kai ta arxaia ellhnika me offset #1F00. Yposthrizontai apo ta nea mexri ta arxaia (polytonika) ellhnika kai Grammikh B! To Linux yposthrizei UNICODE, alla akoma h xrhsh toys den einai diadedomenh, giati ejartatai kai apo thn yio8ethsh toys apo tis efarmoges.

Yparxei mia fixed grammatoseira gia Xwindows, deite sxetika: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html

Yparxei kai enas text editor gia Unicode, me to onoma Yudit, ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/X/yudit-1.1.tar.gz

To protypo UTF-8 einai pleon standard sto Internet, deite to sxetiko RFC: http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc2279.html

Perissotera gia ta nea ellhnika sta Unicode edw: http://charts.unicode.org/Unicode.charts/normal/U0370.html

2.4 Alles ellhnikes kwdikoselides

2.5 Metatropeis ellhnikwn

gr2gr

O Aggelos Xaritshs < ah@computer.org> exei gracei ton metatropea ayton: ftp://ftp.hri.org/pub/greek/programs/gr2gr.prl Trexei me perl (5 h 4). Synepws doyleuei se opoio leitoyrgiko susthma exei egkatasta8ei perl (unix, dos, win32, os2, mac, vms ...).

Yposthrizei polla diaforetika ellhnika, opws:

grfilter

Sto Institouto Texnologias Ypologistwn yparxei to grfilter: ftp://ftp.cti.gr/pub/src/grfilter.tar

greek2lat

Sto directory ftp://corfu.forthnet.gr/pub/greek2lat yparxei enas metatropeas apo 928 se greeklish, katallhlos kai gia WEB sites.

trans120.tar.gz

O Kwstas Kwsths, < kosta@kostis.net > exei gracei epishs ayton ton metatropea, poy yposthrizei kai polla ellhnika, alla kai alles glwsses: http://www.kostis.net/freeware/trans120.tar.gz

gkconv

Yparxei kai ena programma toy Giwrgoy Sphliwth, metatrepei 473 Win95, X win. H dieu8ynsh toy agnoeitai.

recode

Ayto einai ena programmataki genikhs xrhshs apo to GNU project, to opoio yposthrizei metatropeis gia polles diaforetikes glwsses (kai ellhnika). Isws 8a eprepe ola ta ypoloipa programmata kapoia stigmh na enswmatw8oun se ayto. Deite sthn dieu8ynsh http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/recode/recode_toc.html


Next Previous Contents